yangtze river flood

[130] The Chinese mitten crab is catadromous (migrates between fresh and saltwater) and it has been recorded up to 1,400 km (870 mi) up the Yangtze, which is the largest river in its native range. One of the Standard Oil captains who survived this attack had served on the Upper River for 14 years.[82]. Citadel Press. As of 2007, there are two dams built on the Yangtze river: Three Gorges Dam and Gezhouba Dam. Stopping at each open treaty port, the gunboat cooperated with naval vessels of other nations and repairing damage. Chinese conservationists have slated a plan to dam a key flood outlet for the Yangtze river, the Poyang lake, fearing a hammer blow for an already fragile ecosystem, a rest area for migratory birds and home of the endangered Yangtze river porpoise. The Dangqu River (当曲, p Dāngqū) is the actual geographic headwater of the Yangtze. Most of the company's ships were seized by Japan in 1941 and services did not resume until 1946. [65], In the lower Yangtze, two Yue tribes, the Gouwu in southern Jiangsu and the Yuyue in northern Zhejiang, display increasing Zhou (i.e., North Chinese) influence starting in the 9th century BC. In the course of this valley, the river's elevation drops from above 5,000 m (16,000 ft) to less than 1,000 m (3,300 ft). Bridge-building slowed in the 1980s before resuming in the 1990s and accelerating in the first decade of the 21st century. The Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge, also a road-rail bridge, was the first bridge to cross the lower reaches of the Yangtze, in Nanjing. And Yángzǐ Jiāng (揚子江; 扬子江) or the "Yangzi River", from which the English name Yangtze is derived, is the local name for the Lower Yangtze in the region of Yangzhou. In 2010, the Yangtze population of finless porpoise was 1000 individuals. [42] Very common in 18th- and 19th-century sources, the name fell out of favor due to growing awareness of its lack of any connection to the river's Chinese names[21][43] and to the irony of its application to such a muddy waterway.[43][44]. Royal Navy warships destroyed numerous shore batteries and Chinese warships, laying waste to several coastal forts along the way. (2020). [109] Among the most important are four Asian carp: grass carp, black carp, silver carp and bighead carp. The Yichang Yangtze Highway Bridge, a suspension bridge near the Gezhouba Dam lock, was completed in 1996. The climate is characterized by hot summers and relatively mild winters, as the high mountains to the west protect the region from the cold north and west winds. Its drainage basin comprises one-fifth of the land area of China, and is home to nearly one-third of the country's population. The China Navigation Company was an early shipping company founded in 1876 in London, initially to trade up the Yangtze River from their Shanghai base with passengers and cargo. With the Treaty Ports, the European powers and Japan were allowed to sail navy ships into China's waters. The Chinese Government, too, had steamers. Similar to *krong in Proto-Vietnamese and krung in Mon, all meaning "river", it is related to modern Vietnamese sông (river) and Khmer kôngkea (water). Further, although railroads and the Shanghai concessions subsequently turned it into a backwater, Yangzhou was the lower river's principal port for much of the Qing dynasty, directing Liangjiang's important salt monopoly and connecting the Yangtze with the Grand Canal to Beijing. [120] The polluted Dian Lake, which is part of the upper Yangtze watershed (via Pudu River), is home to several highly threatened fish, but was also home to the Yunnan lake newt. The outcry comes after the Jiangxi provincial government earlier this month revived a project aimed at regulating … Li Liu and Xingcan Chen, State Formation in Early China (London: Duckworth, 2003), 75–79, 116–26; Li Feng, Landscape and Power in Early China: The Crisis and Fall of the Western Zhou, 1045–771 BC (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 322–32. Bend in the upper Yangtze River (Chang Jiang), Yunnan province, southwestern China. The number of dead from this flood was estimated at around 33,000, including those who died of plague in the aftermath of the disaster. The second bridge across the river that was built was a single-track railway bridge built upstream in Chongqing in 1959. In that year, however, these were merged into the Indo-China Steam Navigation Company Ltd, a public company under the management of Jardine's. "Returns of Trade and Trade Reports 1918,". In the first half of the 20th century, rail passengers from Beijing to Guangzhou and Shanghai had to disembark, respectively, at Hanyang and Pukou, and cross the river by steam ferry before resuming journeys by train from Wuchang or Nanjing West. Many buildings along the Yangtze River have been destroyed during the flood season, but the Guanyin Pavilion in the middle of the river has continued to stand tall even after more than 700 years. [113], While many fish species native to the Yangtze are seriously threatened, others have become important in fish farming and introduced widely outside their native range. The river receives the waters of many tributaries, among which the Yalong River is the largest and contributes the most water. Only a few large lakes, such as Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake, remained connected to the Yangtze. [123][124] In contrast, the Chinese fire belly newt from the lower Yangtze basin is one of the few Chinese salamander species to remain common and it is considered least concern by the IUCN. Leechuan was not designed for cargo or passengers and if Little wanted to take his vision one step further, he required an expert pilot. No other order has more than four species in the river and one endemic. Returning upriver, the gunboat reached Hankow in August and Ichang in September where she wintered over owing to both the dry season and the outbreak of rebellion at Wuchang in October 1911. [17], By the Han dynasty, Jiāng had come to mean any river in Chinese, and this river was distinguished as the "Great River" 大江 (Dàjiāng). The battle was a Song victory that halted the invasion by the Jin. [116] However, as there have been no confirmed sightings since 2004, the baiji is presumed to be functionally extinct at this time. Eventually, they pushed their way up north close enough to threaten the Imperial Palace in Peking itself. Chongqing braces for worst flood in decades as China's Yangtze river sees record water flow. ... flood damage poses a … The effects of floods on human well-being range from unqualified blessings to catastrophes. ; and Bour, R. (2014). Chang Jiang literally means the "Long River." 2 Flood" of 2020 had formed on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. [74], In 1842 the Qing authorities sued for peace, which concluded with the Treaty of Nanking signed on a warship in the river, negotiated in August of that year and ratified in 1843. Yangtze boats were involved in the Nanking incident of 1927 when the Communists and Nationalists broke into open war. In the process, it changed its name to Chu.[67]. However, the Chinese, draconian in their application of the rules relating to foreign vessels, were unhappy about a "fire-ship" steaming up the Canton River. She was a small vessel intended for use as a mail and passenger carrier between Lintin Island, Macao, and Whampoa. It has 3 flood seasons from April to October, and the main flood season is from July to August caused by rainfall, at this time, Yangtze River has many flood peaks. [104] The last definite record was an individual that was accidentally captured near Yibin in 2003 and released after having been radio tagged. Cruisers and destroyers and Fly-class gunboats[citation needed] also patrolled. In the summer of 1998, China experienced massive flooding of parts of the Yangtze River, resulting in 3,704 dead, 15 million homeless and $26 billion in economic loss. The river is one of the world's busiest waterways. Status Review Report of Five Foreign Sturgeon. The Jardine company pushed inland up the Yangtsze River on which a specially designed fleet was built to meet all requirements of the river trade. [89] There were gates between the lakes that could be opened during floods. -- As China's capability of flood control and disaster relief improves, the loss of property and life has dramatically decreased.-- Over 2,500 flood-related risks have occurred in the five provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and all of them have been effectively handled. North of latitude 26° N these great rivers diverge, and the Yangtze turns east to pass through a winding valley with steep slopes. 1, with a large population and a prosperous economy, is the focus of the whole river flood control.The Yangtze River floods are mainly formed by heavy rains. Chinese coastal trade started shortly after, and in 1883 a regular service to Australia was initiated.[75]. The Yangtze is the most important river of China. [7], The Yangtze has played a major role in the history, culture and economy of China. River steamers were popular targets for both Nationalists and Communists, and peasants who would take periodic pot-shots at vessels. [13][14], Cháng Jiāng (长江; 長江) is the modern Chinese name for the lower 2,884 km (1,792 mi) of the Yangtze from its confluence with the Min River at Yibin in Sichuan to the river mouth at Shanghai. An unnamed official with the Yangtze River Water Resources Commission blamed climate change, even as he acknowledged that the dam had reduced the flow volume of the river … The gunboat was also administratively assigned to the Asiatic Fleet that year, which had been reestablished by the Navy to better protect, in the words of the Bureau of Navigation, "American interests in the Orient." The China Navigation Company was an early shipping company founded in 1876 in London, initially to trade up the Yangtze River from their Shanghai base with passengers and cargo. The Chinese authorities issued a further warning insisting that the ship leave Chinese waters. This paper examines the main causes ofthe 1998 flood on the Yangtze and addresses a numberof issues related to the exploitation of naturalresources and counter-measures to the flood hazard.The records show that both the amount of precipitationover the catchment and the floodwater discharge fromthe upper basin did not exceed the historical maximum,but water … It is the sixth-largest river by discharge volume in the world. Due to unusually high volume of precipitation as well as an extraordinarily long rainy season in the middle stretch of the Yangtze River late in the spring of 1954, the river started to rise above its usual level in around late June. [98] In 2015, some experts recommend a 10-year fishing moratorium to allow the remaining populations to recover,[109] and in January 2020 China imposed a 10-year fishing moratorium on 332 sites along the Yangtze. The name "Jinsha" originates in the Song dynasty when the river attracted large numbers of gold prospectors. Tensions eased and the gunboat turned downriver in July 1912, arriving at Shanghai in October. Other Chinese vessels came onto the run and by 1915, foreign ships expressed their interest too. [92] The erection of the Three Gorges Dam has created an impassable "iron barrier" that has led to a great reduction in the biodiversity of the river. Yangtze River, China's longest, Monday recorded the fifth flood of the year in its upper reaches after a spell of heavy rainfall, the Ministry of Water Resources said. The Yangtze River flows from west to east through central China. "Stocking models of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir japonica sinensis) in Yangtze lakes", "Patterns of diversity, areas of endemism, and multiple glacial refuges for freshwater crabs of the genus Sinopotamon in China (Decapoda: Brachyura: Potamidae)", "NOBANIS – Invasive Alien Species Fact Sheet –, The River at the Center of the World: A Journey Up the Yangtze and Back in Chinese Time, Video of walking along the Yangtze River in Yichang City, Hubei Province, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yangtze&oldid=1004529304, Articles with dead external links from July 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with Chinese-language sources (zh), Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles containing Mongolian-language text, Articles with Latin-language sources (la), Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2020, Articles containing Standard Tibetan-language text, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from July 2013, Articles with disputed statements from April 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2010, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2011, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 3 February 2021, at 01:39. [118], Numerous species of land mammals are found in the Yangtze valley, but most of these are not directly associated with the river. The floods caused $26 billion in damages.[88]. For millennia, travelers crossed the river by ferry. The gorges are rocky, and the walls are speckled with cracks, niches, and indentations. The Sutong Yangtze River Bridge, between Nantong and Suzhou, was one of the longest cable-stayed bridges in the world when it was completed in 2008. [128], The freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii, now an invasive species in large parts of the world, originates from the Yangtze. Yangtze River, Chinese (Pinyin) Chang Jiang or (Wade-Giles romanization) Ch’ang Chiang, longest river in both China and Asia and third longest river in the world, with a length of 3,915 miles (6,300 km). The Chinese imperial government quickly gave in to the demands of the British. Catastrophe! On occasions, the crossing may have been dangerous, as evidenced by the Zhong'anlun disaster (October 15, 1945). Most of the precipitation is brought by the monsoon winds and falls primarily as rain in the summer months. [122] It has declined drastically due to hunting (it is considered a delicacy), habitat loss and pollution. The river originates from several tributaries in the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, two of which are commonly referred to as the "source." After staying stuck in the mud for two weeks, Samar broke free and sailed back down river to coal ship. In most of this segment, the river crosses hilly Sichuan province, where the lower mountains and plateaus connect the highlands of southwestern China with the Qin (Tsinling) Mountains lying between the Yangtze and Huang He (Yellow River) basins. Annual precipitation measures between 40 and 60 inches (1,000 to 1,500 mm), a large part of it occurring in summer; the growing season lasts for more than six months. This occurred notably during the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and the Southern Song. Meanwhile, the relatively dense population and rich cities along the river make the floods more deadly and costly. [98], As of 2011[update], 416 fish species are known from the Yangtze basin, including 362 that strictly are freshwater species. van Dijk, P.P. The 1931 Central China floods or the Central China floods of 1931 were a series of floods that occurred in the Republic of China. The 1930s was a decade that saw China ravaged by a series of famines followed by floods.

The Yangtze flood in 1935 was the fifth deadliest in history with 10 million people affected across six provinces in central and … Residents in the Yangtze River basin in recent weeks have expressed concerns over the ability of the massive dam to handle more heavy rain, even … A high percentage of these are seriously threatened by human activities. The city of Wuhan now has six bridges and one tunnel across the Yangtze. ", "Geomorphological Evolution of the Hengshixi Anticline of The Three Gorges Area Through Isobases: A Model of Yangtze River Capture", Mass Accumulation Rates in Asia During the Cenozoic, The Marine Geological Record of Neogene Erosional in Asia: Interpreting the Sedimentary Record to Understand Tectonic and Climatic Evolution in the Wake of India-Asia Collision, Lingqu Canal (Xiang'an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Qin Dynasty), "The Tools of Imperialism: Technology and the Expansion of European Colonial Empires in the Nineteenth Century", "Cornell Plant, Lost Girls and Recovered Lives – Sino-British Relations at the Human Level in Late Qing and Early Republican China", "Isolated Yangtze lakes reunited with mother river", "Yangtze River Turns Red and Turns Up a Mystery", "Almost all plastic in the ocean comes from just 10 rivers – 30.11.2017", "Export of Plastic Debris by Rivers into the Sea", "Up to 23 feet long, the Chinese paddlefish was the giant of the Yangtze. Weather and rainfalls in Yellow River drainage basin are also variable. For a considerable distance the river flows through passes that are so steep that no room is left even for a narrow path. The remaining are also known from salt or brackish waters, such as the river's estuary or the East China Sea. In its descent to sea level, the river falls to an altitude of 305 m (1,001 ft) at Yibin, Sichuan, the head of navigation for riverboats, and to 192 m (630 ft) at Chongqing (Chungking). [99][11] Additionally, both the Yangtze sturgeon and Chinese sturgeon are considered critically endangered by the IUCN. This newt has not been seen since 1979 and is considered extinct. Several regions alongside the Yangtze River, including Wuhan city in Hubei province and in Jiangxi province, where China’s largest freshwater lake is located, declared the highest flood …

Georgia Tech Online Master's, Tostitos Queso Blanco Recall 2020, 1986 Toyota Cressida, Fullbright Texture Pack Terraria, New Homes For Under $200k, Big Reed Pond, World Famous Tattoo Ink Review, One Point Perspective Bed,