Serving as a sort of frontier garrison, the colony found itself with the mission of forestalling encroachment by both the Mapuche and Spain's European enemies, especially the English and the Dutch. Chilean territory includes the Pacific islands of Juan Fernández, Isla Salas y Gómez, Desventuradas, and Easter Island in Oceania. Christian Democrat Patricio Aylwin, the candidate of a coalition of 17 political parties called the Concertación, received an absolute majority of votes (55%). Natural dangers are probably more likely than those that have to do with crime since Chile is rich in natural beauties and because of that, exposed to many possible disasters. In the 18th and 19th centuries, many Basques came to Chile where they integrated into the existing elites of Castilian origin. And the Chilean average see the foreign visitors a way to get easy money. After these events, a movement for total independence, under the command of José Miguel Carrera (one of the most renowned patriots) and his two brothers Juan José and Luis Carrera, soon gained a wider following. Patagonia extends from within Reloncavi, at the height of parallel 41°S, to the south. "Flora Fungosa Chilena". This intermarriage and mixture of cultures and races have helped to shape the present society and culture of the Chilean middle and upper classes. Surfing is popular at some coastal towns. The Dakar Rally off-road automobile race has been held in both Chile and Argentina since 2009. Hospitals in Chile are mainly located in the Santiago Metropolitan Region. Production fell and unemployment rose. The central port city of Valparaíso, which is World Heritage with its unique architecture, is also popular. Throughout the central Andes there are many ski resorts of international repute,[citation needed] including Portillo, Valle Nevado and Termas de Chillán. [188] The national dance is the cueca. At the Summer Olympic Games Chile boasts a total of two gold medals (tennis), seven silver medals (athletics, equestrian, boxing, shooting and tennis) and four bronze medals (tennis, boxing and football). ", Since 1961, all claims to Antarctic land are, Oehrens, E.B. During the period of Radical Party dominance (1932–52), the state increased its role in the economy. [145], The Spanish spoken in Chile is distinctively accented and quite unlike that of neighboring South American countries because final syllables are often dropped, and some consonants have a soft pronunciation. As for pickpocketing, it is a recurring concern on the streets of Chile, but what is even more common is bag snatching, so be careful and hold your bags tightly by your side. but Wesleyan, Lutheran, Anglican, Episcopalian, Presbyterian, other Reformed, Baptist, and Methodist churches also are present amongst Chilean Evangelical churches. [52] At the national stadium, filled with detainees, one of those tortured and killed was internationally known poet-singer Víctor Jara (see "Music and Dance", below). Please hang it up.” Please hang it up.” [118], Chile is one of 22 countries to have signed and ratified the only binding international law concerning indigenous peoples, the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989. There are various theories about the origin of the word Chile. With the return of democratic government, the police were placed under the operational control of the Interior Ministry but remained under the nominal control of the Defense Ministry. There was a resistance between Peruvians and Chileans for a few years because they could not reach an agreement. Total País 1950–2050", "Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI", "Ethnicity and race as variables in epidemiological research about inequity", "Genetic epidemiology of single gene defects in Chile", "Estudio genético en chilenos muestra desconocida herencia africana | El Dínamo", "Genomic Insights into the Ancestry and Demographic History of South America", "El gradiente sociogenético chileno y sus implicaciones ético-sociales", "Chile's Supreme Court Upholds Indigenous Water Use Rights", "Historia de Chile: Otros Artículos. Many private schools charge attendance fees of 0,5 to 1 median household incomes. The electricity industry is privatized with ENDESA as the largest company in the field. In the 2005 parliamentary election, both leading parties, the Christian Democrats and the UDI lost representation in favor of their respective allies Socialist Party (which became the biggest party in the Concertación block) and National Renewal in the right-wing alliance. Los Andes begin to decrease its altitude to the south and closer to the coast, reaching 90 km away at the height of Illapel, the narrowest part of the Chilean territory. entirely private schools that consistently get the best results. Chile is home to the world renowned Patagonian Trail that resides on the border between Argentina and Chile. Instead of terrorist attacks, there is some risk of anarchist groups setting off small explosives on the streets, in banks or public transportations. As a result,[39] the Richard Nixon administration organized and inserted secret operatives in Chile, in order to swiftly destabilize Allende's government. [58] In January 2006, Chileans elected their first female president, Michelle Bachelet Jeria, of the Socialist Party, defeating Sebastián Piñera, of the National Renewal party, extending the Concertación governance for another four years. Universidad de Santiago de Chile Official site of the University of Santiago de Chile, the former Spanish School of Arts and Crafts was founded in 1849. These cultural sites are the Rapa Nui National Park (1995), the Churches of Chiloé (2000), the historical district of the port city of Valparaíso (2003), Humberstone and Santa Laura Saltpeter Works (2005) and the mining city Sewell (2006). This includes Chilote mythology, Rapa Nui mythology and Mapuche mythology. Some areas of the plains territories encompass territory east of the Andes, and the Patagonian steppes and Magellan, or are high plateaus surrounded by high mountain ranges, such as the Altiplano or Puna de Atacama. [27], Chile's approach to foreign direct investment is codified in the country's Foreign Investment Law. [33][34], An economic depression that began in 1972 was exacerbated by capital flight, plummeting private investment, and withdrawal of bank deposits in response to Allende's socialist program. These islands are notable because they extend Chile's claim to territorial waters out from its coast into the Pacific Ocean.[93]. [41][43] By early 1973, inflation was out of control. The coat of arms depicts the two national animals: the condor (Vultur gryphus, a very large bird that lives in the mountains) and the huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus, an endangered white tail deer). Chile and Bolivia severed diplomatic ties in 1978 over Bolivia's desire to regain sovereign access to the Pacific Ocean after losing it to Chile in the 1879–83 War of the Pacific. 7,853,428 out of 11,226,309 people over 15 years of age. [182] Energy in Chile is dominated by fossil fuels, with coal, oil and gas accounting for 73.4% of the total primary energy. [95] This, its location in the Southern Hemisphere, which has quite different harvesting times from the Northern Hemisphere, and its wide range of agriculture conditions are considered Chile's main comparative advantages. The territory would be shaped by millions of years due to the folding of the rocks, forming the current relief. If you want to enjoy a safe trip, you should be familiar with natural disaster threats lurking in Chile. In June 2005, Chile completed a nationwide overhaul of its criminal justice system. 100. [62], Chile achieved global recognition for the successful rescue of 33 trapped miners in 2010. San Pedro de Atacama is host to the annual "Atacama Crossing", a six-stage, 250-kilometre (160 mi) footrace which annually attracts about 150 competitors from 35 countries. Polo is professionally practiced within Chile, with the country achieving top prize in the 2008 and 2015 World Polo Championship. [36][page needed] Much of the banking sector was nationalized. In February, annual music festivals are held in Viña del Mar.[190]. Peruvians claim the Northern part of Chile, which is now South West of Peru. The Andes maintains altitudes above 6000m but descend slowly starts approaching the 4000 meters on average. [138], Church and state are officially separate in Chile. On the slopes of the Andes, in addition to the scattered tola desert brush, grasses are found. (Antofagasta), Carriel Sur International Airport (Concepción), El Tepual International Airport (Puerto Montt), Presidente Carlos Ibáñez del Campo International Airport (Punta Arenas), La Araucanía International Airport (Temuco), Mataveri International Airport (Easter Island), the most remote airport in the world, as defined by distance to another airport, and the Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport (Santiago) with a traffic of 12,105,524 passengers in 2011. By the 1920s, the emerging middle and working classes were powerful enough to elect a reformist president, Arturo Alessandri, whose program was frustrated by a conservative congress. The war dissolved the confederation while distributing power in the Pacific. Tennis is Chile's most successful sport. [159], Sound economic policies, maintained consistently since the 1980s, have contributed to steady economic growth in Chile and have more than halved poverty rates. The last congressional elections were held on 17 November 2013, concurrently with the presidential election. In November 2005 the government launched a campaign under the brand "Chile: All Ways Surprising" intended to promote the country internationally for both business and tourism. Most of the landmines are clearly marked, but some signs are old and damaged so they may not be easily spotted. After Pinochet obtained rule of the country, several hundred committed Chilean revolutionaries joined the Sandinista army in Nicaragua, guerrilla forces in Argentina or training camps in Cuba, Eastern Europe and Northern Africa.[53]. In the 2001 congressional elections, the conservative Independent Democratic Union (UDI) surpassed the Christian Democrats for the first time to become the largest party in the lower house. The Government Junta of Chile proclaimed Chile an autonomous republic within the Spanish monarchy (in memory of this day, Chile celebrates its National Day on 18 September each year). [11] According to the Köppen system, Chile within its borders hosts at least ten major climatic subtypes. However, the Civil War had also been a contest between those who favored the development of local industries and powerful Chilean banking interests, particularly the House of Edwards who had strong ties to foreign investors. Luis Ayala was twice a runner-up at the French Open and both Ríos and Fernando González reached the Australian Open men's singles finals. The economy remained sluggish until 2003, when it began to show clear signs of recovery, achieving 4.0% GDP growth. So you want to describe your new 'bae' as 'woke' and your weekend as 'lit,' but where do drag slang and AAVE come from (and should you be using them at all?) [14] Currently it also has the lowest homicide rate in the Americas after Canada. The raw minced llama, heavy use of shellfish and rice bread were taken from native Quechua Andean cuisine, (although now beef brought to Chile by Europeans is also used in place of the llama meat), lemon and onions were brought by the Spanish colonists, and the use of mayonnaise and yogurt was introduced by German immigrants, as was beer. This area is also the historical center from which Chile expanded in the late 19th century, when it integrated the northern and southern regions. Beneficiaries can also opt for more costly private insurance through Isapre. The Navy also operates four submarines based in Talcahuano. Nonetheless, economic analysts disagreed with government estimates and predicted economic growth at a median of 1.5 percent. Chile has appeared in nine FIFA World Cups which includes hosting the 1962 FIFA World Cup where the national football team finished third. Spain conquered and colonized the region in the mid-16th century, replacing Inca rule, but failing to conquer the independent Mapuche who inhabited what is now south-central Chile. Chile's highest peak is the Nevado Ojos del Salado, at 6891.3 m, which is also the highest volcano in the world. Is "They stare too much" AAVE? There have also been reports of vehicle theft, so always keep your windows up, your doors locked and your possessions by your side. [138], The Chilean government treats the religious holidays of Christmas, Good Friday, the Feast of the Virgin of Carmen, the Feast of Saints Peter and Paul, the Feast of the Assumption, All Saints' Day, and the Feast of the Immaculate Conception as national holidays.
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