Are your findings very different from other studies? You've written a great discussion section. You should write a direct, declarative, and succinct proclamation of the study results, usually in one paragraph. Make sure to give the proper attention for all the results relating to your research questions, this is … Writing in Psychology course syllabus. The discussion section should not include your opinion or bias or personal feelings. I have stated the practical and/or theoretical implications of my results. Revised on Model proper online interaction and reinforce appropriate behavior with public recognition. The objectives of your discussion section should include the following: I. The study demonstrates a correlation between…, Discussing whether the results met your expectations or supported your, Contextualizing your findings within previous research and theory, Explaining unexpected results and evaluating their significance, Considering possible alternative explanations and making an argument for your position, Contrary to the hypothesized association…, The results contradict the claims of Smith (2007) that…. This is the first thing that you need to do when writing a scientific discussion section. Azar, Beth. "Biases in the Interpretation and Use of Research Results." exactly what you did. In an ideal world, you could simply reject your null or alternative hypotheses according to the significance levels found by the statistics.. That is the main point of your discussion section, but the process is usually a lot more complex than that. Published on Do we need to do the discussion part in phd theses?! But in quantitative research, it’s considered important to separate the objective results from your interpretation of them. Suggestions for further research can lead directly from the limitations. Reiterate the Research Problem/State the Major Findings. The limitations should also be acknowledged, and future directions should be discussed. A key purpose of the discussion section is to move from specifics to general information. Annesley, Thomas M. “The Discussion Section: Your Closing Argument.”, Most effectively demonstrates your ability as a researcher to think critically about an issue, to develop creative solutions to problems based upon a logical synthesis of the findings, and, to formulate a deeper, more profound understanding of the research problem under investigation'. The discussion section should relate your results to those found in other studies, particularly if questions raised from prior studies served as the motivation for your research. These results build on existing evidence of…, The results do not fit with the theory that…, The experiment provides a new insight into the relationship between…, These results should be taken into account when considering how to…, The data contributes a clearer understanding of…, The generalizability of the results is limited by…, The methodological choices were constrained by…. Consider Alternative Explanations of the Findings, It is important to remember that the purpose of research in the social sciences is to. 1.2. First..., First of all..., The most important... 2. Thank you! Online discussion fosters collaboration and higher order thinking skills that better prepare students for the type of work they’ll find in college and career. Fourteen Steps to Writing to Writing an Effective Discussion Section. How to write a discussion section. Each student’s response must include a compliment, a comment, a connection (3C) and a question (Q). Craft an effectiv… Like an essay, there are no set rules in structuring it – apart from the introduction and conclusion, the other chapters are entirely up to you. Note that any significant or unanticipated finding is often because there was no prior research to indicate the finding could occur. When writing a discussion for a lab report, your first step is to double-check the guidelines for the outline of your document. Note any unanswered questions or issues your study did not address and describe the generalizability of your results to other situations. If there is prior research to indicate this, you need to explain why it was significant or unanticipated. Don’t allow one person to monopolize the conversation. IV. Students should put effort into their posts and responses in a way that adds to the learning of both them and their classmates.” Getting too personal. alpha values) for the measure(s). Steps to Starting Your Discussion Chapter Now that the purpose of the discussion chapter is clear, it is time to move forward in the writing process. The following can be used when introducing your opinion. George Mason University; Discussion. Note any unanswered questions or issues your study did not address and describe the generalizability of your results to other situations. It lets you understand the right place for this section in your paper and how big it should be. Discuss: The results chapter or section simply and objectively reports what you found, without speculating on why you found these results. i have a question regarding the discussion section, how would you go about comparing your data collected to other alike studies if there is little to no research that is the same as yours? Without any critical thinking, you are really doing yourself a disservice. Annesley Thomas M. “The Discussion Section: Your Closing Argument.”, Avoid the use of jargon or undefined technical language, Follow a logical stream of thought; in general, interpret and discuss the significance of your findings in the same sequence you described them in your results section [a notable exception is to begin by highlighting an unexpected result or finding in order to grab the reader's attention], Use the present verb tense, especially for established facts; however, refer to specific works or prior studies in the past tense, If needed, use subheadings to help organize your discussion or to categorize your interpretations into themes. You can also begin by highlighting the most significant or unexpected results. by The Structure, Format, Content, and Style of a Journal-Style Scientific Paper. The discussion will always connect to the introduction by way of the research questions or hypotheses you posed and the literature you reviewed, but the discussion does not simply repeat or rearrange the first parts of your paper; the discussion clearly explain how your study advanced the reader's understanding of the research problem from where you left them at the end of your review of prior research. NOTE: Besides the literature review section, the preponderance of references to sources is usually found in the discussion section. Use the other checklists to further improve your thesis or dissertation. You can use a percentage if this accurately reflects the number of respondents that mentioned the topic. For example, if the purpose of your research was to measure the impact of foreign aid on increasing access to education among the poor in Bangladesh, it would not be appropriate to speculate about how your findings might apply to populations in other countries without drawing from existing studies to support your claim or if analysis of other countries was not a part of your original research design. Present the underlying meaning of your research, note possible implications in other areas of study, and explore possible improvements that can be made in order to further develop the concerns of your research; Highlight the importance of your study and how it can contribute to understanding the research problem within the field of study. "Biases in the Interpretation and Use of Research Results. Annesley, Thomas M. “The Discussion Section: Your Closing Argument.” Clinical Chemistry 56 (November 2010): 1671-1674. MacCoun, Robert J. The purpose of the discussion is to interpret and describe the significance of your findings in light of what was already known about the research problem being investigated and to explain any new understanding or insights that emerged as a result of your study of the problem. Your discussion is, in short, the answer to the question “what do my results mean?” The discussion section of the manuscript should come after the methods and results section and before the conclusion. Include the reliability (e.g. Check with your instructor for specific guidelines on the content to include in your Discussion section. The thesis structure outlined in this category is applicable to empirical research in the (social) sciences. To close the rubric and return to the graded discussion, click the Close icon [4]. In order to cite the book in your discussion, be sure to put the author's last name and the year of the book`s publication in parentheses - (Brown, 1990). Discussion a sentence or two on main implications or conclusion Structured abstracts (See current abstracts in Anesth Analg or Anesthesiology)? It helps me much. One of the most common mistakes that you can make when discussing the results of your study is to present a superficial interpretation of the findings that more or less re-states the results section of your paper. Scribbr editors not only correct grammar and spelling mistakes, but also strengthen your writing by making sure your paper is free of vague language, redundant words and awkward phrasing. Tania Das Gupta, York University, Canada. Another word for discussion. The mean… Interpretation is a subjective exercise. Don’t just repeat all the data you have already reported – aim for a clear statement of the overall result that directly answers your main research question. VI. Explain how your findings/results relate to what is already known in the field as well as to what you … To make your discussion post interesting to your classmates, you have to develop strong thought-provoking arguments. You may choose to conclude the discussion section by making suggestions for further research [this can be done in the overall conclusion of your paper]. In a thesis or dissertation, the discussion is an in-depth exploration of the results, going into detail about the meaning of your findings and citing relevant sources to put them in context. Procedure Describe the precise procedure you followed when carrying out your research i.e. The discussion section should remain focused on the findings of your study. You will, almost inevitably, find that you need to include some slight discussion of your results during this section. The discussion section should end with a concise summary of the principal implications of the findings regardless of their significance. The discussion section should relate your results to those found in other studies, particularly if questions raised from prior studies served as the motivation for your research. "The Anatomy of an Article: The Discussion Section: "How Does the Article I Read Today Change What I Will Recommend to my Patients Tomorrow?” The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery 74 (June 2013): 1599-1602; Research Limitations & Future Research. "Discussing Your Findings." In other words, the majority of the Discussion and Conclusions sections should be an interpretation of your results. Read your laboratory report discussion a few times to check if it should be clear to readers. For example, if your sample size was small or limited to a specific group of people, note that this limits its generalizability. The sequence of this information is important; first state the answer, then the relevant results, then cite the work of others. Sometimes the recommendations are saved for the conclusion. There are many different ways to write this section, but you can focus your discussion around four key elements: There is often overlap between the discussion and conclusion, and in some dissertations these two sections are included in a single chapter. University College Writing Centre. To edit the rubric, click the Edit icon [1]. Some of the most common strategies employed include; Describing how and why you ended up with unexpected findings and explaining their importance in detail Relating your findings with previous studies conducted Explaining your position with logical arguments when/if any alternative explanations are suggested The Discussion should be written after the Results section so that you have a good idea of what the experiment has demonstrated. Give a brief explanation about why you believe the findings and conclusions of your study are important and how they support broader knowledge or understanding of the research problem. If relevant, I have considered alternative explanations of the results. The discussion section is often considered the most important part of your research paper because this is where you: Annesley Thomas M. “The Discussion Section: Your Closing Argument.” Clinical Chemistry 56 (November 2010): 1671-1674; Bitchener, John and Helen Basturkmen. American Psychological Association style is the format of choice for writers of scientific research papers. The discussion chapter is where you delve into the meaning, importance and relevance of your results. Findings: From the short review above, key findings emerge: __ We describe the results of __, which … What’s the difference between the discussion and the conclusion? Reiterate the Research Problem/State the Major Findings Briefly reiterate for your readers the research problem or problems you are investigating and the methods you used to investigate them, then move quickly to describe the major findings of the study. But it's rare that absolutely no research has been done on your topic, and your explanation will be more convincing if you can show how your findings relate to existing knowledge. The limitations should also be acknowledged, and future directions should be discussed. The discussion chapter is where you delve into the meaning, importance and relevance of your results.It should focus on explaining and evaluating what you found, showing how it relates to your literature review and research questions, and … I have made relevant recommendations for further research or action. Describe very briefly the conclusion from your results, and then explain what it … If more than one unexpected finding emerged during the study, describe each of them in the order they appeared as you gathered or analyzed the data. Explain the Meaning of the Findings and Why They are Important. Theses in literature (and other humanities disciplines) don't follow this structure, as they generally don't involve systematic data collection and there are no separate "results" to report. If you feel compelled to speculate, do so in the form of describing possible implications or explaining possible impacts. Create a discussion where students can read about etiquette and access grading information. If applicable, begin this part of the section by repeating what you consider to be your most significant or unanticipated finding first, then systematically review each finding. Lund Research Ltd., 2012; Summary: Using it Wisely. Respiratory Care 49 (October 2004); Kretchmer, Paul. The discussion interprets the meaning of the results, puts them in context, and explains why they matter. 1. Just a query that would be appropriate in the Discussion section - can we use percentage directly to discuss a topic? To delete the rubric from the graded discussion, click the Delete icon [3]. American Psychological Association, Organizing Your Social Sciences Research Paper, Fourteen Steps to Writing an Effective Discussion Section, Fourteen Steps to Writing to Writing an Effective Discussion Section.
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